01Counting electrons
Charge q = I × t (amps × seconds). Moles of electrons = q ÷ F. Then use the half-reaction to convert to moles (and grams) of metal plated.
Electroplating, refining copper, and making aluminum all use electrolysis.
02Notebook box
mol e⁻ = It / 96,485. Cu²⁺ needs 2 e⁻ per Cu.
Worked example: 2.00 A for 965 s → 1930 C → 0.0200 mol e⁻ → 0.0100 mol Cu → 0.635 g Cu.