AP Chemistry

The full AP Chemistry year, organized topic-by-topic (1.1, 1.2 …) the way your class syllabus is. Reading aligned to Chemistry (Zumdahl & Zumdahl, 10th ed.) and the College Board AP® Chemistry Course Framework. VelyraSTEM is independent and not affiliated with or endorsed by College Board.

1. Unit 1

   Atomic Structure & Properties

   Moles, electron configuration, spectroscopy and periodic trends. About 7–9% of the AP exam.

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   • 1.11.1 Moles & Molar Mass2 min · 3 checks
   • 1.21.2 Mass Spectroscopy of Elements2 min · 3 checks
   • 1.31.3 Elemental Composition of Pure Substances2 min · 3 checks
   • 1.41.4 Composition of Mixtures2 min · 3 checks
   • 1.51.5 Atomic Structure & Electron Configuration2 min · 3 checks
   • 1.61.6 Photoelectron Spectroscopy2 min · 3 checks
   • 1.71.7 Periodic Trends2 min · 3 checks
   • 1.81.8 Valence Electrons & Ionic Compounds2 min · 3 checks
2. Unit 2

   Molecular & Ionic Compound Structure

   Bond types, Lewis structures, resonance and VSEPR. About 7–9% of the AP exam.

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   • 2.12.1 Types of Chemical Bonds2 min · 3 checks
   • 2.22.2 Intramolecular Force & Potential Energy2 min · 3 checks
   • 2.32.3 Structure of Ionic Solids2 min · 3 checks
   • 2.42.4 Structure of Metals & Alloys2 min · 3 checks
   • 2.52.5 Lewis Diagrams2 min · 3 checks
   • 2.62.6 Resonance & Formal Charge2 min · 3 checks
   • 2.72.7 VSEPR & Hybridization2 min · 3 checks
3. Unit 3

   Intermolecular Forces & Properties

   IMFs, gases, solutions and light. About 18–22% of the AP exam — the biggest unit.

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   • 3.13.1 Intermolecular Forces2 min · 3 checks
   • 3.23.2 Properties of Solids2 min · 3 checks
   • 3.33.3 Solids, Liquids & Gases2 min · 3 checks
   • 3.43.4 Ideal Gas Law2 min · 3 checks
   • 3.53.5 Kinetic Molecular Theory2 min · 3 checks
   • 3.63.6 Deviation from Ideal Gas Law2 min · 3 checks
   • 3.73.7 Solutions & Mixtures2 min · 3 checks
   • 3.83.8 Representations of Solutions2 min · 3 checks
   • 3.93.9 Separation & Chromatography2 min · 3 checks
   • 3.103.10 Solubility2 min · 3 checks
   • 3.113.11 Spectroscopy & the EM Spectrum2 min · 3 checks
   • 3.123.12 Photoelectric Effect2 min · 3 checks
   • 3.133.13 Beer–Lambert Law2 min · 3 checks
4. Unit 4

   Chemical Reactions

   Net ionic equations, stoichiometry, titration and reaction types. About 7–9% of the AP exam.

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   • 4.14.1 Introduction for Reactions2 min · 3 checks
   • 4.24.2 Net Ionic Equations2 min · 3 checks
   • 4.34.3 Representations of Reactions2 min · 3 checks
   • 4.44.4 Physical & Chemical Changes2 min · 3 checks
   • 4.54.5 Stoichiometry2 min · 3 checks
   • 4.64.6 Introduction to Titration2 min · 3 checks
   • 4.74.7 Types of Chemical Reactions2 min · 3 checks
   • 4.84.8 Introduction to Acid–Base Reactions2 min · 3 checks
   • 4.94.9 Oxidation–Reduction Reactions2 min · 3 checks
5. Unit 5

   Kinetics

   How fast reactions go and why: rate laws, mechanisms and catalysts. About 7–9% of the AP exam.

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   • 5.15.1 Reaction Rates2 min · 3 checks
   • 5.25.2 Introduction to Rate Law2 min · 3 checks
   • 5.35.3 Concentration Changes Over Time2 min · 3 checks
   • 5.45.4 Elementary Reactions2 min · 3 checks
   • 5.55.5 Collision Model2 min · 3 checks
   • 5.65.6 Reaction Energy Profile2 min · 3 checks
   • 5.75.7 Introduction to Reaction Mechanisms2 min · 3 checks
   • 5.85.8 Reaction Mechanism & Rate Law2 min · 3 checks
   • 5.95.9 Steady-State Approximation2 min · 3 checks
   • 5.105.10 Multistep Energy Profile2 min · 3 checks
   • 5.115.11 Catalysis2 min · 3 checks
6. Unit 6

   Thermodynamics

   Heat flow, calorimetry, enthalpy and Hess's law. About 7–9% of the AP exam.

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   • 6.16.1 Endothermic & Exothermic Processes2 min · 3 checks
   • 6.26.2 Energy Diagrams2 min · 3 checks
   • 6.36.3 Heat Transfer & Thermal Equilibrium2 min · 3 checks
   • 6.46.4 Heat Capacity & Calorimetry2 min · 3 checks
   • 6.56.5 Energy of Phase Changes2 min · 3 checks
   • 6.66.6 Introduction to Enthalpy of Reaction2 min · 3 checks
   • 6.76.7 Bond Enthalpies2 min · 3 checks
   • 6.86.8 Enthalpy of Formation2 min · 3 checks
   • 6.96.9 Hess's Law2 min · 3 checks
7. Unit 7

   Equilibrium

   K, Q, ICE tables, Le Châtelier and solubility. About 7–9% of the AP exam.

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   • 7.17.1 Introduction to Equilibrium2 min · 3 checks
   • 7.27.2 Direction of Reversible Reactions2 min · 3 checks
   • 7.37.3 Reaction Quotient & Equilibrium Constant2 min · 3 checks
   • 7.47.4 Calculating the Equilibrium Constant2 min · 3 checks
   • 7.57.5 Magnitude of the Equilibrium Constant2 min · 3 checks
   • 7.67.6 Properties of the Equilibrium Constant2 min · 3 checks
   • 7.77.7 Calculating Equilibrium Concentrations2 min · 3 checks
   • 7.87.8 Representations of Equilibrium2 min · 3 checks
   • 7.97.9 Introduction to Le Châtelier's Principle2 min · 3 checks
   • 7.107.10 Reaction Quotient & Le Châtelier2 min · 3 checks
   • 7.117.11 Introduction to Solubility Equilibria2 min · 3 checks
   • 7.127.12 Common-Ion Effect2 min · 3 checks
   • 7.137.13 pH & Solubility2 min · 3 checks
   • 7.147.14 Free Energy of Dissolution2 min · 3 checks
8. Unit 8

   Acids & Bases

   pH, weak acids, buffers and titrations. About 11–15% of the AP exam.

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   • 8.18.1 Introduction to Acids & Bases2 min · 3 checks
   • 8.28.2 pH & pOH of Strong Acids & Bases2 min · 3 checks
   • 8.38.3 Weak Acid & Base Equilibria2 min · 3 checks
   • 8.48.4 Acid–Base Reactions & Buffers2 min · 3 checks
   • 8.58.5 Acid–Base Titrations2 min · 3 checks
   • 8.68.6 Molecular Structure of Acids & Bases2 min · 3 checks
   • 8.78.7 pH & pKa2 min · 3 checks
   • 8.88.8 Properties of Buffers2 min · 3 checks
   • 8.98.9 Henderson–Hasselbalch Equation2 min · 3 checks
   • 8.108.10 Buffer Capacity2 min · 3 checks
9. Unit 9

   Applications of Thermodynamics

   Entropy, free energy, and electrochemistry. About 7–9% of the AP exam.

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   • 9.19.1 Introduction to Entropy2 min · 3 checks
   • 9.29.2 Absolute Entropy & Entropy Change2 min · 3 checks
   • 9.39.3 Gibbs Free Energy & Favorability2 min · 3 checks
   • 9.49.4 Thermodynamic & Kinetic Control2 min · 3 checks
   • 9.59.5 Free Energy & Equilibrium2 min · 3 checks
   • 9.69.6 Coupled Reactions2 min · 3 checks
   • 9.79.7 Galvanic & Electrolytic Cells2 min · 3 checks
   • 9.89.8 Cell Potential & Free Energy2 min · 3 checks
   • 9.99.9 Cell Potential Under Nonstandard Conditions2 min · 3 checks
   • 9.109.10 Electrolysis & Faraday's Law2 min · 3 checks