01Neutralization types
Strong + strong → neutral water. Weak acid + strong base → conjugate base remains → basic. Strong acid + weak base → acidic.
A buffer is a weak acid plus its conjugate base (similar amounts). It neutralizes added acid with A⁻ and added base with HA.
02Notebook box
Buffer recipe: HA + NaA, or HA + half as many moles of NaOH.
Worked example: CH₃COOH + CH₃COONa is a buffer; HCl + NaCl is not (strong acid).