AP Biology

The full AP Biology year, organized topic-by-topic (1.1, 1.2 …) the way your class syllabus is. Reading aligned to Campbell Biology (12th ed., Urry et al.) and the College Board AP® Biology Course Framework. VelyraSTEM is independent and not affiliated with or endorsed by College Board.

1. Unit 1

   Chemistry of Life

   Why water, carbon and four kinds of big molecules make life possible. About 8–11% of the AP exam.

   0/7
   • 1.11.1 Structure of Water & Hydrogen Bonding2 min · 3 checks
   • 1.21.2 Elements of Life2 min · 3 checks
   • 1.31.3 Introduction to Biological Macromolecules2 min · 3 checks
   • 1.41.4 Carbohydrates2 min · 3 checks
   • 1.51.5 Lipids2 min · 3 checks
   • 1.61.6 Nucleic Acids2 min · 3 checks
   • 1.71.7 Proteins2 min · 3 checks
2. Unit 2

   Cell Structure & Function

   Organelles, membranes and how things get in and out of cells. About 10–13% of the AP exam.

   0/10
   • 2.12.1 Cell Structure: Subcellular Components2 min · 3 checks
   • 2.22.2 Cell Structure and Function2 min · 3 checks
   • 2.32.3 Cell Size2 min · 3 checks
   • 2.42.4 Plasma Membranes2 min · 3 checks
   • 2.52.5 Membrane Permeability2 min · 3 checks
   • 2.62.6 Membrane Transport2 min · 3 checks
   • 2.72.7 Facilitated Diffusion2 min · 3 checks
   • 2.82.8 Tonicity and Osmoregulation2 min · 3 checks
   • 2.92.9 Mechanisms of Transport2 min · 3 checks
   • 2.102.10 Cell Compartmentalization and Its Origins2 min · 3 checks
3. Unit 3

   Cellular Energetics

   Enzymes, photosynthesis and respiration — how cells capture and spend energy. About 12–16% of the AP exam.

   0/7
   • 3.13.1 Enzyme Structure2 min · 3 checks
   • 3.23.2 Enzyme Catalysis2 min · 3 checks
   • 3.33.3 Environmental Impacts on Enzyme Function2 min · 3 checks
   • 3.43.4 Cellular Energy2 min · 3 checks
   • 3.53.5 Photosynthesis2 min · 3 checks
   • 3.63.6 Cellular Respiration2 min · 3 checks
   • 3.73.7 Fitness2 min · 3 checks
4. Unit 4

   Cell Communication & Cell Cycle

   How cells signal each other, keep balance, and divide under control. About 10–15% of the AP exam.

   0/7
   • 4.14.1 Cell Communication2 min · 3 checks
   • 4.24.2 Introduction to Signal Transduction2 min · 3 checks
   • 4.34.3 Signal Transduction2 min · 3 checks
   • 4.44.4 Changes in Signal Transduction Pathways2 min · 3 checks
   • 4.54.5 Feedback2 min · 3 checks
   • 4.64.6 Cell Cycle2 min · 3 checks
   • 4.74.7 Regulation of the Cell Cycle2 min · 3 checks
5. Unit 5

   Heredity

   Meiosis, Mendel and the patterns that break his rules. About 8–11% of the AP exam.

   0/6
   • 5.15.1 Meiosis2 min · 3 checks
   • 5.25.2 Meiosis and Genetic Diversity2 min · 3 checks
   • 5.35.3 Mendelian Genetics2 min · 3 checks
   • 5.45.4 Non-Mendelian Genetics2 min · 3 checks
   • 5.55.5 Environmental Effects on Phenotype2 min · 3 checks
   • 5.65.6 Chromosomal Inheritance2 min · 3 checks
6. Unit 6

   Gene Expression & Regulation

   From DNA to RNA to protein, how genes are switched on and off, and the tools of biotech. About 12–16% of the AP exam.

   0/8
   • 6.16.1 DNA and RNA Structure2 min · 3 checks
   • 6.26.2 Replication2 min · 3 checks
   • 6.36.3 Transcription and RNA Processing2 min · 3 checks
   • 6.46.4 Translation2 min · 3 checks
   • 6.56.5 Regulation of Gene Expression2 min · 3 checks
   • 6.66.6 Gene Expression and Cell Specialization2 min · 3 checks
   • 6.76.7 Mutations2 min · 3 checks
   • 6.86.8 Biotechnology2 min · 3 checks
7. Unit 7

   Natural Selection

   Evolution, population genetics, evidence, phylogeny and the origin of life. About 13–20% of the AP exam.

   0/13
   • 7.17.1 Introduction to Natural Selection2 min · 3 checks
   • 7.27.2 Natural Selection2 min · 3 checks
   • 7.37.3 Artificial Selection2 min · 3 checks
   • 7.47.4 Population Genetics2 min · 3 checks
   • 7.57.5 Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium2 min · 3 checks
   • 7.67.6 Evidence of Evolution2 min · 3 checks
   • 7.77.7 Common Ancestry2 min · 3 checks
   • 7.87.8 Continuing Evolution2 min · 3 checks
   • 7.97.9 Phylogeny2 min · 3 checks
   • 7.107.10 Speciation2 min · 3 checks
   • 7.117.11 Extinction2 min · 3 checks
   • 7.127.12 Variations in Populations2 min · 3 checks
   • 7.137.13 Origins of Life on Earth2 min · 3 checks
8. Unit 8

   Ecology

   Behavior, energy flow, populations, communities and disruptions. About 10–15% of the AP exam.

   0/7
   • 8.18.1 Responses to the Environment2 min · 3 checks
   • 8.28.2 Energy Flow Through Ecosystems2 min · 3 checks
   • 8.38.3 Population Ecology2 min · 3 checks
   • 8.48.4 Effect of Density of Populations2 min · 3 checks
   • 8.58.5 Community Ecology2 min · 3 checks
   • 8.68.6 Biodiversity2 min · 3 checks
   • 8.78.7 Disruptions to Ecosystems2 min · 3 checks